To put it simply, Serial communication refers to the process of sending data one bit at a time, sequentially. This is performed over either a "communication channel" or a "computer bus". The contrast to serial communication is "Parallel Communication" in which several bits are sent as a whole over a link with multiple parallel channels.
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To put it simply, Serial communication refers to the process of sending data one bit at a time, sequentially. This is performed over either a "communication channel" or a "computer bus." The contrast to serial communication is "Parallel Communication," in which several bits are sent as a whole over a link with multiple parallel channels.
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**Data Transmission**
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Think of each type of system as a road, in a parallel cable (8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit, 124 bit) you have 1 lane per bit, when all of those lanes hit the junction (receiver), they have to all stop and stabilize before they are able to move on, so you end up with congestion. On a serial system, there is only 1 or sometimes (in a full duplex serial connection) 2 lanes. The data is never held up like traffic at a junction as only 1 bit of data can be in any lane at any one time.
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Think of each system as a road. In a parallel cable (8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit, 128-bit), you have one lane per bit. When all of those lanes hit the junction (receiver), they must stop and stabilize before they can move on, leading to congestion. In a serial system, there is only one or sometimes two lanes (full-duplex connection). Due to the nature of Serial Communications the data is never held up like traffic at a junction, as only one bit of data can be in any lane at a time.
**Simplification**
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Serial connections also require fewer wires, 3 or 5 Wires (Half Duplex | Full Duplex) whereas parallel connections require 1 wire per bit, so an 8 bit parallel line requires 9 wires.
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Serial connections also require fewer wires, 3 for Half Duplex or 5 for Full Duplex, whereas parallel connections require one wire per bit. So, an 8-bit parallel line requires 9 wires.
**Crosstalk**
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Parallel connections are naturally a lot more prone to crosstalk. Signals traveling on wire one can interfere with signals on another nearby wire, leading to data errors.
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Parallel connections are naturally more prone to crosstalk. Signals traveling on one wire can interfere with signals on another nearby wire, leading to data errors.
**Distance**
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Serial connections are better suited for long-distance transmissions due to it's almost perfect data accuracy at high speeds.
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Serial connections are better suited for long-distance transmissions due to their almost perfect data accuracy at high speeds.
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### Benefits to parallel over serial communication
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### Benefits of parallel over serial communication
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The key benefit of parallel communication is speed, as a generic rule, more wires = more speed. In the correct applications with quite a lot of engineering to iron out bit-level timing issues, the data transfer potential of parallel communications can far exceed that of serial communications.
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The key benefit of parallel communication is speed. As a general rule, more wires = more speed. In the correct applications, with careful engineering to iron out bit-level timing issues, the data transfer potential of parallel communications can far exceed that of serial communications.
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## Full or Half duplex?
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## Full or Half Duplex?
**What do we mean by duplex?**
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A duplex communication system refers to any point-to-point (PTP) system composed of two or more connected devices which can communicate with each other in both directions. There are two common duplex communication systems: Full-Duplex (FDX) and Half-Duplex (HDX).
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A duplex communication system refers to any point-to-point (PTP) system composed of two or more connected devices that can communicate with each other in both directions. There are two common duplex communication systems: Full-Duplex (FDX) and Half-Duplex (HDX).
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**What's the differences?**
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**What’s the difference?**
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In a **Full-Duplex** system, communication can occur in both directions simultaneously. Old-style telephone service lines are a prime example of an FDX communication system; both parties are able to speak and be heard by the other party simultaneously, there is a constant channel each way between them.
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In a **Full-Duplex** system, communication can occur in both directions simultaneously. Old-style telephone service lines are a prime example of an FDX communication system—both parties can speak and be heard by the other party at the same time, with a constant channel each way between them.
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In a **Half-Duplex** (also known as a **semiduplex**) communication can only occur one way at a time. If device A would like to send data to device B, but device B is already sending data to device A, then device A will have to wait until device B has stopped transmitting to send data.
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In a **Half-Duplex** (also known as **semi-duplex**) system, communication can only occur one way at a time. If device A wants to send data to device B, but device B is already sending data to device A, then device A must wait until device B has finished transmitting before sending its data.
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## Most common Serial Architectures
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## Most Common Serial Architectures
The most common Serial Architectures are listed below:
- HDMI -> High-Definition Multimedia Interface (Note: HDMI is not a typical serial communication protocol like SPI or I²C but uses serial transmission.)
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## Most Common Serial Architectures In The Industry
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## Most Common Serial Architectures in the Fire & Security Industry
The most common Serial Architectures found within the fire & security industry are listed below: